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Ensayo sobre la ceguera (Spanish Edition), by José Saramago
PDF Ebook Ensayo sobre la ceguera (Spanish Edition), by José Saramago
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Saramago, un escritor que se ha convertido en la conciencia lúcida de una época cegada por los mecanismos del poder, lanza una llamada de alerta: «Puede suceder que un día tengamos que preguntarnos Quién ha firmado esto por mí». Ese día puede ser hoy. Durante las elecciones municipales de una ciudad sin nombre, la mayoría de sus habitantes decide individualmente ejercer su derecho al voto de una manera inesperada. El gobierno teme que ese gesto revolucionario, capaz de socavar los cimientos de una democracia degenerada, sea producto de una conjura anarquista internacional o de grupos extremistas desconocidos. Las cloacas del poder se ponen en marcha: los culpables tienen que ser eliminados. Y si no se hallan, se inventan.Los protagonistas de esta nueva novela de Saramago, un inspector de policía y la mujer que conservó la vista en la epidemia de luz blanca de Ensayo sobre la ceguera, dan muestras de la altura moral que los ciudadanos anónimos pueden alcanzar cuando deciden ejercer la libertad.
ENGLISH DESCRIPTION
During the town elections of a nameless city, most of its inhabitants, by their own individual choices, decide to exert their voting rights in an unexpected way. The dirty and sneaky officials in power start making arrangements to eliminate the guilty parties; and if they cannot find any, they will have to make them up.
The protagonists of this new novel, a policeman and the woman who was able to maintain her sight in the novel Blindness, are samples of the moral heights that these anonymous citizens are able to reach when they decide to exert their freedom. Saramago, a writer who has become the awakening conscience of a time blinded by the mechanisms of power, sends out an alert: “There may be a day when we will have to ask, Who has signed this in my name?” That day may very well be today.
- Sales Rank: #608117 in Books
- Published on: 2016-01-26
- Original language: Spanish
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 7.40" h x .90" w x 4.90" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 376 pages
Review
Hay novelas que despues de leidas continuaran iluminando tuneles en la conciencia... --Juan Jose Millas, escritor espanhiol
About the Author
Jose Saramago (b. Azinhaga, Portugal, 1922) is the best-known contemporary Portuguese author. He has received many awards, including the Premio Camoes (equivalent of the Premio Cervantes) and the 1998 Nobel Prize. Saramago has written poetry, essays, theater, chronicles and novels.
Most helpful customer reviews
11 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
A first-rate addition to Saramago's works
By T. Stroll
I hated to see the remaining pages of "Essay on Lucidity" dwindle, so much did I enjoy reading every word of Saramago's latest novel. This is a first-rate addition to the upper tier of Saramago's works.
In the Nov. 8, 2004, issue of "The American Conservative" magazine, the managing editor, Kara Hopkins, advocated not voting in the pending presidential election. "Silence is a profound expression," she argued, "and enough unraised voices eventually turn even the most partisan heads." "Elections," she contended, "maintain the illusion of opposing parties exchanging ideas rather than political animals competing for power. Selling voting as the ultimate expression of citizenship . . . legitimizes the process that keeps them in control and makes the public docile by enforcing the notion that we rule ourselves."
It is as if she read Saramago's mind, or vice-versa. In "Essay on Lucidity," some 70 percent of the residents of the capital of an unnamed country (presumably European, but, Saramago announces sardonically, not Portugal) turn in blank ballots in an election, refusing to vote for the Party of the Right, the Party of the Center, or the Party of the Left. The government, dominated by unsavory and unprincipled authoritarians, is horrified that the façade of democracy has broken down and orders the election to be reheld. But the percentage of blank votes is higher than before.
The government's reaction, though often fumbling, is vicious and lethal. It uses various Orwellian techniques and, as it deems necessary, violence to punish the capital's residents and try to return them to the fold. Saramago narrates events at a languid pace, sometimes using his long commentaries disarmingly to hide some horror that may be announced in a single sentence at the end of an anodyne, soothing paragraph.
This is a fable. It is not intended to be entirely realistic, and the reader must suspend disbelief at times. In the real world, a European country that took Draconian measures against its citizens for refusing to vote would be subject to various external sanctions and pressures and would have to back down. From 1993-1997 Canada tolerated having as its official opposition the Bloc Québécois, whose goal is to dissolve the country. But Saramago is so masterly a writer that he makes the implausible possible. The reader does soon ask, "Why would any government that observes the forms of democracy behave this way?" A plot twist that appears in the middle of the novel provides an answer. I've already seen too many reviews give it away, and I'm not going to follow suit.
In "Essay on Lucidity," Saramago continues his dance with the Portuguese language in ways that are charming. Even more than in "The Cave," his characters speak a Portuguese that is so formal as to exceed the tone of much formal writing. If anyone spoke this way in Brazil, he or she either would not be understood or would be regarded as mannered and pompous. That would probably also be true even in the most educated circles of Portuguese society. But Saramago's use of the King's Portuguese doesn't come across as pretentious; rather, it's a celebration of the outer reaches of classic Portuguese. I often think that Saramago's goal is to restore a full-fledged type of Portuguese that is fading, perhaps thanks to an onslaught of televised soap operas and the like. Like Shakespeare, whose facility with language and extraordinary vocabulary altered English forever, Saramago may succeed in elevating Portuguese to a language different from the form that preceded his literary career. That would have to be the supreme achievement of any writer of literature.
9 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Inventando el enemigo
By Jose Oquendo
Todo comienza cuando en la capital sin nombre de un país cualquiera acostumbrado a escoger entre las vertientes que el proceso democrático occidental denomina derechista, centrista e izquierdista, una aplastante mayoría de los ciudadanos decidió votar en blanco, como una muestra de disconformidad con el régimen político que supuestamente los representa.
El resultado es cuestionado por quienes ocupan el poder, y convocan la celebración de una segunda votación, en la que los ciudadanos reafirman un mayor desencanto popular que en la primera. La cúpula gubernamental sospecha de una conspiración masiva en su contra, organizada por subversivos o anarquistas dispuestos a acabar con la idea de lo que consideran debe ser una democracia.
Un estado de emergencia es declarado, seguido de la formación de una red de espionaje para señalar quiénes habían votado en blanco y descubrir quiénes encabezaban la supuesta conspiración. Al no lograr avanzar en su investigación, el gobierno declara el estado de sitio y abandona la ciudad rebelde, como un castigo a los disidentes capitalinos, que se las ingenian para mantener la ciudad funcionando.
Durante una reunión de ministros, se propone una explicación que, después de un comienzo un tanto lento, hace que la trama adquiera velocidad: se intenta conectar la epidemia de ceguera de cuatro años atrás, con la epidemia del voto en blanco. Saramago ata así esta obra a su anterior, Ensayo sobre la ceguera, en la que solo una mujer quedó con vista.
Con la prensa, casi en su totalidad inclinada en favor del gobierno, se logra inventar al enemigo que no se tiene. Avanzando en la lectura, el lector logra entender que los votos en blanco no son otra cosa que una expresión ciudadana de insatisfacción con el funcionamiento de la democracia.
La primera parte de Ensayo sobre la lucidez avanza con la lentitud de un suero medicinal. Un lector que desconozca a Saramago, sus personajes y lugares sin nombre, y que no esté acostumbrado a la literatura sociopolítica que requiere mente alerta y abierta, puede abandonar la lectura en los primeros capítulos. La flojera inicial de elementos de acción y suspenso, esenciales estímulos para el lector que más que aprender tiene como propósito entretenerse, puede decepcionar a más de uno.
La política como tópico literario puede, y en este caso logra al menos durante las primeras 150 páginas, retardar el desarrollo de la novela. Si el lector regular logra pasar de ahí, cuando el suero exprime sus últimas gotas, proseguirá con la energía y curiosidad suficiente para motivarse a terminar las casi 400 páginas restantes.
En pleno siglo XXI, algo de esta obra me molesta. La mujer, ente imprescindible en las sociedades y gobiernos modernos, no obtiene el rol merecido que Saramago destacara en Ensayo sobre la ceguera. Aquí es relegada a un segundo plano, organizando la limpieza de las calles cuando el gobierno falla en hacerlo o cuando el autor trae de los pelos un final inesperado, necesitando un muerto. En este caso, una muerta.
Algunos críticos han sugerido leer primero Ensayo sobre la ceguera. Estimo que no es necesario. Saramago, a medida que va introduciendo elementos aparecidos en la anterior obra -como la presencia de la mujer que nunca perdió la vista-, se cuida de describirlos someramente.
Esta es una obra diferente y, como tal, debe promoverse.
2 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Historia interesante, pero novela fallida
By leball_debab
Hacia el final de la novela uno de los personajes comenta una frase que podría sintetizar el sentido de la novela "Creo que no nos quedamos ciegos, creo que estamos ciegos, Ciegos que ven, Ciegos que, viendo, no ven", me parece que la novela, mas que narrar una historia que podría resultar trillada sobre una epidemia de ceguera que se expande por el mundo, nos presenta una fotografía un tanto apocalíptica de la humanidad, llena de defectos y vicios, que con la llegada de la epidemia se magnifican. Se nos presenta así un ser humano que no es capaz de organizarse como sociedad para resolver sus problemas, que se deteriora y entra en un círculo de descomposición, lleno de vicios y egoísmos, a la vez que nos presenta una imagen del poder autoritario e insensible. Es precisamente ese sentido de retórica ideológica lo que a mi gusto daña la novela, pues partiendo de un argumento que podría resultar interesante explotada por la exquisita narrativa de Saramago, la historia mas bien se enfrasca en describir y detallar una y otra vez, reiteradamente y hasta el cansancio imágenes de desesperanza y degradación de la sociedad, dejando atrás el desarrollo de la historia y los personajes. Como su nombre lo indica, esta historia asemeja más un ensayo literario, pero bien podría haberse escrito en la mitad de su extensión sin perder su impacto y sentido, y evitando ser tan reiterativa.
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